Pharmaceuticals: Surface area and porosity play major roles in the purification, processing, blending, tableting, and packaging of pharmaceutical products as well as their useful shelf life, dissolution rate, and bio-availability.

Ceramics: Surface area and porosity affect the curing and bonding of greenware and influence strength, texture, appearance, and density of finished goods. The surface area of glazes and glass frits affects shrinkage, crazing, and crawling.

Adsorbents: Knowledge of surface area, total pore volume, and pore size distribution is important for quality control of industrial adsorbents and in the development of separation processes. Surface area and porosity characteristics affect the selectivity of an adsorbent.

Activated Carbons: Surface area and porosity must be optimized within narrow ranges to accomplish gasoline vapor recovery in automobiles, solvent recovery in painting operations, or pollution controls in wastewater management.

Carbon Black: The wear lifetime, traction, and performance of tires are related to the surface area of carbon blacks used in their production.

Fuel Cells: Fuel cell electrodes require high surface area with controlled porosity to produce optimum power density.

Catalysts: The active surface area and pore structure of catalysts influence production rates. Limiting the pore size allows only molecules of desired sizes to enter and exit, creating a selective catalyst that will produce primarily the desired product.

Paints and Coatings: The surface area of a pigment or filler influences the gloss, texture, color, color saturation, brightness,solids content, and film adhesion properties. The porosity of a print media coating is important in offset printing where it affects blistering, ink receptivity, and ink holdout.

Projectile Propellant: The burn rate of propellants is a function of surface area too high a rate can be dangerous; too low a rate can cause malfunction and inaccuracy.

Medical Implants: Controlling the porosity of artificial bone allows it to imitate real bone that the body will accept and allow tissue to be grown around it.

Electronics: By selecting high surface area material with carefully designed pore networks, manufacturers of super-capacitors can minimize the use of costly raw materials while providing more exposed surface area for storage of charge.

Cosmetics: Surface area is often used by cosmetic manufacturers as a predictor of particle size when agglomeration tendencies of the fine powders make analysis with a particle-sizing instrument difficult.

Aerospace: Surface area and porosity of heat shields and insulating materials affect weight and function.

Geoscience: Porosity is important in groundwater hydrology and petroleum exploration because it relates to the quantity of fluid that a structure can contain as well as how much effort will be required to extract it.

Nanotubes: Nanotube surface area and microporosity are used to predict the capacity of a material to store hydrogen.

More Applications:

• Adhesives
• Alloys
• Abrasives
• Carbonates
• Cements
• Clays
• Detergents
• Fibers
• Films
• Fertilizers
• Filters
• Glass
• Food Additives
• Graphite
• Minerals
• Paper
• Polishing Compounds
• Polymers
• Resins
• Soils and Sediments