Biomaterials

Biomaterials can be metals, ceramics, polymers, glasses, carbons, and composite materials. They can take the form of moulded or machined parts, coatings, fibres and films. Biomaterials are developed through a combination of disciplines such as medicine, biology, chemistry, materials science and engineering. Although primarily used for medical devices they are also used in a range of applications such as growing cells in a culture and assays for blood proteins. Biomaterial science is multidisciplinary, uses many diverse materials and the end products are medical devices.

The mechanical performance of Biomaterials originates from the physical (bulk) properties of the material. The physical properties determine the mechanical strength and durability. There is a range analytical techniques used characterise the properties and biological responses of biomaterials. They include an understanding of:

• The chemical structure - ionic, covalent and metallic bonds.
• Physical characteristics - Crystallinity and thermal transitions.
• Biodegradable mechanisms - Corrosion, polymer hydrolysis
• Surface properties - surface tension, contact angle and surface free energy.

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